54#define DEBUG_TYPE "aarch64-call-lowering"
72 if (OrigVT == MVT::i1 || OrigVT == MVT::i8)
73 ValVT = LocVT = MVT::i8;
74 else if (OrigVT == MVT::i16)
75 ValVT = LocVT = MVT::i16;
81 return (ValVT == MVT::i8 || ValVT == MVT::i16) ?
LLT(ValVT)
87struct AArch64IncomingValueAssigner
89 AArch64IncomingValueAssigner(
CCAssignFn *AssignFn_,
91 : IncomingValueAssigner(AssignFn_, AssignFnVarArg_) {}
93 bool assignArg(
unsigned ValNo, EVT OrigVT, MVT ValVT, MVT LocVT,
95 const CallLowering::ArgInfo &Info, ISD::ArgFlagsTy Flags,
96 CCState &State)
override {
98 return IncomingValueAssigner::assignArg(ValNo, OrigVT, ValVT, LocVT,
99 LocInfo, Info, Flags, State);
103struct AArch64OutgoingValueAssigner
105 const AArch64Subtarget &Subtarget;
112 AArch64OutgoingValueAssigner(
CCAssignFn *AssignFn_,
114 const AArch64Subtarget &Subtarget_,
116 : OutgoingValueAssigner(AssignFn_, AssignFnVarArg_),
117 Subtarget(Subtarget_), IsReturn(IsReturn) {}
119 bool assignArg(
unsigned ValNo, EVT OrigVT, MVT ValVT, MVT LocVT,
121 const CallLowering::ArgInfo &Info, ISD::ArgFlagsTy Flags,
122 CCState &State)
override {
126 bool UseVarArgsCCForFixed = IsCalleeWin && State.
isVarArg();
129 if (!
Flags.isVarArg() && !UseVarArgsCCForFixed) {
132 Res = AssignFn(ValNo, ValVT, LocVT, LocInfo, Flags,
Info.Ty, State);
134 Res = AssignFnVarArg(ValNo, ValVT, LocVT, LocInfo, Flags,
Info.Ty, State);
142 IncomingArgHandler(MachineIRBuilder &MIRBuilder, MachineRegisterInfo &MRI)
143 : IncomingValueHandler(MIRBuilder, MRI) {}
146 MachinePointerInfo &MPO,
147 ISD::ArgFlagsTy Flags)
override {
148 auto &MFI = MIRBuilder.getMF().getFrameInfo();
152 const bool IsImmutable = !
Flags.isByVal();
154 int FI = MFI.CreateFixedObject(
Size,
Offset, IsImmutable);
156 auto AddrReg = MIRBuilder.buildFrameIndex(
LLT::pointer(0, 64), FI);
157 return AddrReg.getReg(0);
160 LLT getStackValueStoreType(
const DataLayout &
DL,
const CCValAssign &VA,
161 ISD::ArgFlagsTy Flags)
const override {
164 if (
Flags.isPointer())
170 const CCValAssign &VA,
171 ISD::ArgFlagsTy Flags = {})
override {
172 markRegUsed(PhysReg);
173 IncomingValueHandler::assignValueToReg(ValVReg, PhysReg, VA);
177 const MachinePointerInfo &MPO,
178 const CCValAssign &VA)
override {
179 MachineFunction &MF = MIRBuilder.getMF();
199 case CCValAssign::LocInfo::ZExt:
200 MIRBuilder.buildLoadInstr(TargetOpcode::G_ZEXTLOAD, ValVReg, Addr, *MMO);
202 case CCValAssign::LocInfo::SExt:
203 MIRBuilder.buildLoadInstr(TargetOpcode::G_SEXTLOAD, ValVReg, Addr, *MMO);
206 MIRBuilder.buildLoad(ValVReg, Addr, *MMO);
227struct CallReturnHandler :
public IncomingArgHandler {
228 CallReturnHandler(MachineIRBuilder &MIRBuilder, MachineRegisterInfo &MRI,
229 MachineInstrBuilder MIB)
230 : IncomingArgHandler(MIRBuilder, MRI), MIB(MIB) {}
236 MachineInstrBuilder MIB;
240struct ReturnedArgCallReturnHandler :
public CallReturnHandler {
241 ReturnedArgCallReturnHandler(MachineIRBuilder &MIRBuilder,
242 MachineRegisterInfo &MRI,
243 MachineInstrBuilder MIB)
244 : CallReturnHandler(MIRBuilder, MRI, MIB) {}
250 OutgoingArgHandler(MachineIRBuilder &MIRBuilder, MachineRegisterInfo &MRI,
251 MachineInstrBuilder MIB,
bool IsTailCall =
false,
253 : OutgoingValueHandler(MIRBuilder, MRI), MIB(MIB), IsTailCall(IsTailCall),
255 Subtarget(MIRBuilder.getMF().getSubtarget<AArch64Subtarget>()) {}
258 MachinePointerInfo &MPO,
259 ISD::ArgFlagsTy Flags)
override {
260 MachineFunction &MF = MIRBuilder.getMF();
265 assert(!
Flags.isByVal() &&
"byval unhandled with tail calls");
269 auto FIReg = MIRBuilder.buildFrameIndex(p0, FI);
271 return FIReg.getReg(0);
275 SPReg = MIRBuilder.buildCopy(p0,
Register(AArch64::SP)).getReg(0);
277 auto OffsetReg = MIRBuilder.buildConstant(s64,
Offset);
279 auto AddrReg = MIRBuilder.buildPtrAdd(p0,
SPReg, OffsetReg);
282 return AddrReg.getReg(0);
289 LLT getStackValueStoreType(
const DataLayout &
DL,
const CCValAssign &VA,
290 ISD::ArgFlagsTy Flags)
const override {
291 if (
Flags.isPointer())
297 const CCValAssign &VA, ISD::ArgFlagsTy Flags)
override {
298 MIB.addUse(PhysReg, RegState::Implicit);
299 Register ExtReg = extendRegister(ValVReg, VA);
300 MIRBuilder.buildCopy(PhysReg, ExtReg);
305 const CCValAssign &VA,
308 const MachineRegisterInfo &MRI = MF.
getRegInfo();
315 if (
Op == TargetOpcode::G_ZEXT ||
Op == TargetOpcode::G_ANYEXT ||
328 if (LoadAddrDef->getOpcode() != TargetOpcode::G_FRAME_INDEX)
331 int LoadFI = LoadAddrDef->getOperand(1).getIndex();
333 auto *StoreAddrDef = MRI.
getVRegDef(StoreAddr);
334 if (StoreAddrDef->getOpcode() != TargetOpcode::G_FRAME_INDEX)
349 const MachinePointerInfo &MPO,
350 const CCValAssign &VA)
override {
351 MachineFunction &MF = MIRBuilder.getMF();
356 MIRBuilder.buildStore(ValVReg, Addr, *MMO);
359 void assignValueToAddress(
const CallLowering::ArgInfo &Arg,
unsigned RegIndex,
361 const MachinePointerInfo &MPO,
362 const CCValAssign &VA)
override {
366 if (Arg.
Flags[0].isVarArg())
370 if (VA.
getLocInfo() != CCValAssign::LocInfo::FPExt) {
379 ValVReg = extendRegister(ValVReg, VA, MaxSize);
385 assignValueToAddress(ValVReg, Addr, MemTy, MPO, VA);
388 MachineInstrBuilder MIB;
399 const AArch64Subtarget &Subtarget;
415 "Return value without a vreg");
420 }
else if (!VRegs.
empty()) {
427 CCAssignFn *AssignFn = TLI.CCAssignFnForReturn(
F.getCallingConv());
428 auto &
DL =
F.getDataLayout();
434 "For each split Type there should be exactly one VReg.");
439 for (
unsigned i = 0; i < SplitEVTs.
size(); ++i) {
441 ArgInfo CurArgInfo =
ArgInfo{CurVReg, SplitEVTs[i].getTypeForEVT(Ctx), 0};
446 auto &Flags = CurArgInfo.
Flags[0];
448 !Flags.isSExt() && !Flags.isZExt()) {
450 }
else if (TLI.getNumRegistersForCallingConv(Ctx, CC, SplitEVTs[i]) ==
453 MVT NewVT = TLI.getRegisterTypeForCallingConv(Ctx, CC, SplitEVTs[i]);
454 if (
EVT(NewVT) != SplitEVTs[i]) {
455 unsigned ExtendOp = TargetOpcode::G_ANYEXT;
456 if (
F.getAttributes().hasRetAttr(Attribute::SExt))
457 ExtendOp = TargetOpcode::G_SEXT;
458 else if (
F.getAttributes().hasRetAttr(Attribute::ZExt))
459 ExtendOp = TargetOpcode::G_ZEXT;
474 CurVReg = MIRBuilder.
buildInstr(ExtendOp, {NewLLT}, {CurVReg})
494 MRI.getType(CurVReg).getScalarSizeInBits()) {
496 CurVReg = MIRBuilder.
buildInstr(ExtendOp, {NewLLT}, {CurVReg})
502 if (CurVReg != CurArgInfo.
Regs[0]) {
503 CurArgInfo.
Regs[0] = CurVReg;
510 AArch64OutgoingValueAssigner Assigner(AssignFn, AssignFn, Subtarget,
512 OutgoingArgHandler Handler(MIRBuilder, MRI, MIB);
514 MIRBuilder, CC,
F.isVarArg());
517 if (SwiftErrorVReg) {
519 MIRBuilder.
buildCopy(AArch64::X21, SwiftErrorVReg);
529 bool IsVarArg)
const {
532 CCState CCInfo(CallConv, IsVarArg, MF, ArgLocs,
535 return checkReturn(CCInfo, Outs, TLI.CCAssignFnForReturn(CallConv));
552 assert(
F.isVarArg() &&
"Expected F to be vararg?");
556 CCState CCInfo(
F.getCallingConv(),
true, MF, ArgLocs,
575 for (
const auto &
F : Forwards) {
576 MBB.addLiveIn(
F.PReg);
587 return A.getType()->isScalableTy();
591 if (!ST.hasNEON() || !ST.hasFPARMv8()) {
592 LLVM_DEBUG(
dbgs() <<
"Falling back to SDAG because we don't support no-NEON\n");
597 if (Attrs.hasZAState() || Attrs.hasZT0State() ||
598 Attrs.hasStreamingInterfaceOrBody() ||
599 Attrs.hasStreamingCompatibleInterface())
603 bool IsGlobalISelPreferred =
605 static_cast<unsigned>(OptLevel) <= TM.getEnableGlobalISelAtO() ||
607 return !IsGlobalISelPreferred;
610void AArch64CallLowering::saveVarArgRegisters(
621 bool IsWin64CC = Subtarget.isCallingConvWin64(CCInfo.
getCallingConv(),
627 unsigned NumVariadicGPRArgRegs =
GPRArgRegs.size() - FirstVariadicGPR + 1;
629 unsigned GPRSaveSize = 8 * (
GPRArgRegs.size() - FirstVariadicGPR);
631 if (GPRSaveSize != 0) {
634 -
static_cast<int>(GPRSaveSize),
false);
635 if (GPRSaveSize & 15)
638 -
static_cast<int>(
alignTo(GPRSaveSize, 16)),
647 for (
unsigned i = FirstVariadicGPR; i <
GPRArgRegs.size(); ++i) {
654 MF, GPRIdx, (i - FirstVariadicGPR) * 8)
665 if (Subtarget.hasFPARMv8() && !IsWin64CC) {
668 unsigned FPRSaveSize = 16 * (
FPRArgRegs.size() - FirstVariadicFPR);
670 if (FPRSaveSize != 0) {
677 for (
unsigned i = FirstVariadicFPR; i <
FPRArgRegs.size(); ++i) {
703 auto &
DL =
F.getDataLayout();
708 if (
F.isVarArg() && Subtarget.isWindowsArm64EC())
718 Subtarget.isCallingConvWin64(
F.getCallingConv(),
F.isVarArg()) &&
719 !Subtarget.isWindowsArm64EC();
730 for (
auto &Arg :
F.args()) {
731 if (
DL.getTypeStoreSize(Arg.getType()).isZero())
734 ArgInfo OrigArg{VRegs[i], Arg, i};
742 "Unexpected registers used for i1 arg");
744 auto &Flags = OrigArg.
Flags[0];
745 if (!Flags.isZExt() && !Flags.isSExt()) {
749 OrigArg.
Regs[0] = WideReg;
754 if (Arg.hasAttribute(Attribute::SwiftAsync))
765 CCAssignFn *AssignFn = TLI.CCAssignFnForCall(
F.getCallingConv(), IsWin64 &&
F.isVarArg());
767 AArch64IncomingValueAssigner Assigner(AssignFn, AssignFn);
770 CCState CCInfo(
F.getCallingConv(),
F.isVarArg(), MF, ArgLocs,
F.getContext());
775 if (!BoolArgs.
empty()) {
776 for (
auto &KV : BoolArgs) {
781 "Unexpected bit size of a bool arg");
788 uint64_t StackSize = Assigner.StackSize;
790 if ((!Subtarget.isTargetDarwin() && !Subtarget.isWindowsArm64EC()) || IsWin64) {
796 saveVarArgRegisters(MIRBuilder, Handler, CCInfo);
797 }
else if (Subtarget.isWindowsArm64EC()) {
802 StackSize =
alignTo(Assigner.StackSize, Subtarget.isTargetILP32() ? 4 : 8);
812 StackSize =
alignTo(StackSize, 16);
828 if (Subtarget.hasCustomCallingConv())
829 Subtarget.getRegisterInfo()->UpdateCustomCalleeSavedRegs(MF);
864static std::pair<CCAssignFn *, CCAssignFn *>
869bool AArch64CallLowering::doCallerAndCalleePassArgsTheSameWay(
877 if (CalleeCC == CallerCC)
884 std::tie(CalleeAssignFnFixed, CalleeAssignFnVarArg) =
889 std::tie(CallerAssignFnFixed, CallerAssignFnVarArg) =
892 AArch64IncomingValueAssigner CalleeAssigner(CalleeAssignFnFixed,
893 CalleeAssignFnVarArg);
894 AArch64IncomingValueAssigner CallerAssigner(CallerAssignFnFixed,
895 CallerAssignFnVarArg);
902 const uint32_t *CallerPreserved =
TRI->getCallPreservedMask(MF, CallerCC);
903 const uint32_t *CalleePreserved =
TRI->getCallPreservedMask(MF, CalleeCC);
904 if (MF.
getSubtarget<AArch64Subtarget>().hasCustomCallingConv()) {
905 TRI->UpdateCustomCallPreservedMask(MF, &CallerPreserved);
906 TRI->UpdateCustomCallPreservedMask(MF, &CalleePreserved);
909 return TRI->regmaskSubsetEqual(CallerPreserved, CalleePreserved);
912bool AArch64CallLowering::areCalleeOutgoingArgsTailCallable(
916 if (OrigOutArgs.
empty())
924 const AArch64Subtarget &Subtarget = MF.
getSubtarget<AArch64Subtarget>();
932 CCState OutInfo(CalleeCC,
false, MF, OutLocs, Ctx);
934 AArch64OutgoingValueAssigner CalleeAssigner(AssignFnFixed, AssignFnVarArg,
945 const AArch64FunctionInfo *FuncInfo = MF.
getInfo<AArch64FunctionInfo>();
947 LLVM_DEBUG(
dbgs() <<
"... Cannot fit call operands on caller's stack.\n");
955 const uint32_t *CallerPreservedMask =
TRI->getCallPreservedMask(MF, CallerCC);
964 for (
unsigned i = 0; i < OutLocs.
size(); ++i) {
965 auto &ArgLoc = OutLocs[i];
966 if (ArgLoc.isRegLoc())
971 <<
"... Cannot tail call vararg function with stack arguments\n");
985 if (!Info.IsTailCall)
994 if (Info.SwiftErrorVReg) {
999 LLVM_DEBUG(
dbgs() <<
"... Cannot handle tail calls with swifterror yet.\n");
1004 LLVM_DEBUG(
dbgs() <<
"... Calling convention cannot be tail called.\n");
1026 return A.hasByValAttr() || A.hasInRegAttr() || A.hasSwiftErrorAttr();
1028 LLVM_DEBUG(
dbgs() <<
"... Cannot tail call from callers with byval, "
1029 "inreg, or swifterror arguments\n");
1040 if (Info.Callee.isGlobal()) {
1044 (!TT.isOSWindows() || TT.isOSBinFormatELF() ||
1045 TT.isOSBinFormatMachO())) {
1046 LLVM_DEBUG(
dbgs() <<
"... Cannot tail call externally-defined function "
1047 "with weak linkage for this OS.\n");
1062 "Unexpected variadic calling convention");
1066 if (!doCallerAndCalleePassArgsTheSameWay(Info, MF, InArgs)) {
1069 <<
"... Caller and callee have incompatible calling conventions.\n");
1073 if (!areCalleeOutgoingArgsTailCallable(Info, MF, OutArgs))
1077 dbgs() <<
"... Call is eligible for tail call optimization.\n");
1083 std::optional<CallLowering::PtrAuthInfo> &PAI,
1091 assert(IsIndirect &&
"Direct call should not be authenticated");
1093 "Invalid auth call key");
1094 return AArch64::BLRA;
1098 return AArch64::TCRETURNdi;
1104 assert(!PAI &&
"ptrauth tail-calls not yet supported with PAuthLR");
1105 return AArch64::TCRETURNrix17;
1108 return AArch64::AUTH_TCRETURN_BTI;
1109 return AArch64::TCRETURNrix16x17;
1113 assert(!PAI &&
"ptrauth tail-calls not yet supported with PAuthLR");
1114 return AArch64::TCRETURNrinotx16;
1118 return AArch64::AUTH_TCRETURN;
1119 return AArch64::TCRETURNri;
1122static const uint32_t *
1127 if (!OutArgs.
empty() && OutArgs[0].Flags[0].isReturned()) {
1129 Mask =
TRI.getThisReturnPreservedMask(MF, Info.CallConv);
1131 OutArgs[0].Flags[0].setReturned(
false);
1132 Mask =
TRI.getCallPreservedMask(MF, Info.CallConv);
1135 Mask =
TRI.getCallPreservedMask(MF, Info.CallConv);
1140bool AArch64CallLowering::lowerTailCall(
1143 MachineFunction &MF = MIRBuilder.
getMF();
1147 AArch64FunctionInfo *FuncInfo = MF.
getInfo<AArch64FunctionInfo>();
1160 MachineInstrBuilder CallSeqStart;
1162 CallSeqStart = MIRBuilder.
buildInstr(AArch64::ADJCALLSTACKDOWN);
1169 const AArch64Subtarget &Subtarget = MF.
getSubtarget<AArch64Subtarget>();
1177 if (
Opc == AArch64::AUTH_TCRETURN ||
Opc == AArch64::AUTH_TCRETURN_BTI) {
1180 "Invalid auth call key");
1181 MIB.addImm(
Info.PAI->Key);
1184 uint16_t IntDisc = 0;
1185 std::tie(IntDisc, AddrDisc) =
1188 MIB.addImm(IntDisc);
1189 MIB.addUse(AddrDisc);
1190 if (AddrDisc != AArch64::NoRegister) {
1194 MIB->getOperand(4), 4));
1199 const uint32_t *
Mask =
TRI->getCallPreservedMask(MF, CalleeCC);
1201 TRI->UpdateCustomCallPreservedMask(MF, &Mask);
1202 MIB.addRegMask(Mask);
1205 MIB->setCFIType(MF,
Info.CFIType->getZExtValue());
1207 if (
TRI->isAnyArgRegReserved(MF))
1208 TRI->emitReservedArgRegCallError(MF);
1220 unsigned NumBytes = 0;
1227 CCState OutInfo(CalleeCC,
false, MF, OutLocs,
F.getContext());
1229 AArch64OutgoingValueAssigner CalleeAssigner(AssignFnFixed, AssignFnVarArg,
1236 NumBytes =
alignTo(OutInfo.getStackSize(), 16);
1241 FPDiff = NumReusableBytes - NumBytes;
1245 if (FPDiff < 0 && FuncInfo->getTailCallReservedStack() < (
unsigned)-FPDiff)
1253 assert(FPDiff % 16 == 0 &&
"unaligned stack on tail call");
1258 AArch64OutgoingValueAssigner Assigner(AssignFnFixed, AssignFnVarArg,
1262 OutgoingArgHandler Handler(MIRBuilder, MRI, MIB,
1265 CalleeCC,
Info.IsVarArg))
1270 if (
Info.IsVarArg &&
Info.IsMustTailCall) {
1274 for (
const auto &
F : Forwards) {
1278 if (
any_of(MIB->uses(), [&ForwardedReg, &
TRI](
const MachineOperand &Use) {
1281 return TRI->regsOverlap(Use.getReg(), ForwardedReg);
1294 MIB->getOperand(1).setImm(FPDiff);
1308 if (MIB->getOperand(0).isReg())
1311 MIB->getDesc(), MIB->getOperand(0), 0);
1314 Info.LoweredTailCall =
true;
1323 auto &
DL =
F.getDataLayout();
1341 for (
auto &OrigArg : Info.OrigArgs) {
1344 auto &Flags = OrigArg.Flags[0];
1345 if (OrigArg.Ty->isIntegerTy(1) && !Flags.isSExt() && !Flags.isZExt()) {
1349 "Unexpected registers used for i1 arg");
1361 if (!Info.OrigRet.Ty->isVoidTy())
1365 bool CanTailCallOpt =
1369 if (Info.IsMustTailCall && !CanTailCallOpt) {
1373 LLVM_DEBUG(
dbgs() <<
"Failed to lower musttail call as tail call\n");
1377 Info.IsTailCall = CanTailCallOpt;
1379 return lowerTailCall(MIRBuilder, Info, OutArgs);
1384 std::tie(AssignFnFixed, AssignFnVarArg) =
1388 CallSeqStart = MIRBuilder.
buildInstr(AArch64::ADJCALLSTACKDOWN);
1398 Opc = Info.PAI ? AArch64::BLRA_RVMARKER : AArch64::BLR_RVMARKER;
1401 else if (Info.CB && Info.CB->hasFnAttr(Attribute::ReturnsTwice) &&
1402 !Subtarget.noBTIAtReturnTwice() &&
1404 Opc = AArch64::BLR_BTI;
1408 if (Info.Callee.isSymbol() &&
F.getParent()->getRtLibUseGOT()) {
1409 auto MIB = MIRBuilder.
buildInstr(TargetOpcode::G_GLOBAL_VALUE);
1418 unsigned CalleeOpNo = 0;
1420 if (
Opc == AArch64::BLR_RVMARKER ||
Opc == AArch64::BLRA_RVMARKER) {
1424 MIB.addGlobalAddress(ARCFn);
1431 }
else if (Info.CFIType) {
1432 MIB->setCFIType(MF, Info.CFIType->getZExtValue());
1436 MIB.add(Info.Callee);
1442 AArch64OutgoingValueAssigner Assigner(AssignFnFixed, AssignFnVarArg,
1445 OutgoingArgHandler Handler(MIRBuilder, MRI, MIB,
false);
1447 Info.CallConv, Info.IsVarArg))
1452 if (
Opc == AArch64::BLRA ||
Opc == AArch64::BLRA_RVMARKER) {
1455 "Invalid auth call key");
1456 MIB.addImm(Info.PAI->Key);
1460 std::tie(IntDisc, AddrDisc) =
1463 MIB.addImm(IntDisc);
1464 MIB.addUse(AddrDisc);
1465 if (AddrDisc != AArch64::NoRegister) {
1468 MIB->getDesc(), MIB->getOperand(CalleeOpNo + 3),
1475 TRI->UpdateCustomCallPreservedMask(MF, &Mask);
1476 MIB.addRegMask(Mask);
1478 if (
TRI->isAnyArgRegReserved(MF))
1479 TRI->emitReservedArgRegCallError(MF);
1487 ?
alignTo(Assigner.StackSize, 16)
1491 MIRBuilder.
buildInstr(AArch64::ADJCALLSTACKUP)
1492 .
addImm(Assigner.StackSize)
1498 if (MIB->getOperand(CalleeOpNo).isReg())
1501 MIB->getOperand(CalleeOpNo), CalleeOpNo);
1506 if (Info.CanLowerReturn && !Info.OrigRet.Ty->isVoidTy()) {
1507 CCAssignFn *RetAssignFn = TLI.CCAssignFnForReturn(Info.CallConv);
1508 CallReturnHandler Handler(MIRBuilder, MRI, MIB);
1509 bool UsingReturnedArg =
1510 !OutArgs.
empty() && OutArgs[0].Flags[0].isReturned();
1512 AArch64OutgoingValueAssigner Assigner(RetAssignFn, RetAssignFn, Subtarget,
1514 ReturnedArgCallReturnHandler ReturnedArgHandler(MIRBuilder, MRI, MIB);
1516 UsingReturnedArg ? ReturnedArgHandler : Handler, Assigner, InArgs,
1517 MIRBuilder, Info.CallConv, Info.IsVarArg,
1518 UsingReturnedArg ?
ArrayRef(OutArgs[0].Regs)
1523 if (Info.SwiftErrorVReg) {
1528 if (!Info.CanLowerReturn) {
1530 Info.DemoteRegister, Info.DemoteStackIndex);
1536 return Ty.getSizeInBits() == 64;
static void handleMustTailForwardedRegisters(MachineIRBuilder &MIRBuilder, CCAssignFn *AssignFn)
Helper function to compute forwarded registers for musttail calls.
static unsigned getCallOpcode(const MachineFunction &CallerF, bool IsIndirect, bool IsTailCall, std::optional< CallLowering::PtrAuthInfo > &PAI, MachineRegisterInfo &MRI)
static LLT getStackValueStoreTypeHack(const CCValAssign &VA)
static const uint32_t * getMaskForArgs(SmallVectorImpl< AArch64CallLowering::ArgInfo > &OutArgs, AArch64CallLowering::CallLoweringInfo &Info, const AArch64RegisterInfo &TRI, MachineFunction &MF)
static void applyStackPassedSmallTypeDAGHack(EVT OrigVT, MVT &ValVT, MVT &LocVT)
static std::pair< CCAssignFn *, CCAssignFn * > getAssignFnsForCC(CallingConv::ID CC, const AArch64TargetLowering &TLI)
Returns a pair containing the fixed CCAssignFn and the vararg CCAssignFn for CC.
static bool doesCalleeRestoreStack(CallingConv::ID CallConv, bool TailCallOpt)
This file describes how to lower LLVM calls to machine code calls.
MachineInstrBuilder MachineInstrBuilder & DefMI
static std::tuple< SDValue, SDValue > extractPtrauthBlendDiscriminators(SDValue Disc, SelectionDAG *DAG)
static bool shouldLowerTailCallStackArg(const MachineFunction &MF, const CCValAssign &VA, SDValue Arg, ISD::ArgFlagsTy Flags, int CallOffset)
Check whether a stack argument requires lowering in a tail call.
static const MCPhysReg GPRArgRegs[]
static const MCPhysReg FPRArgRegs[]
cl::opt< bool > EnableSVEGISel("aarch64-enable-gisel-sve", cl::Hidden, cl::desc("Enable / disable SVE scalable vectors in Global ISel"), cl::init(false))
static bool canGuaranteeTCO(CallingConv::ID CC, bool GuaranteeTailCalls)
Return true if the calling convention is one that we can guarantee TCO for.
static bool mayTailCallThisCC(CallingConv::ID CC)
Return true if we might ever do TCO for calls with this calling convention.
assert(UImm &&(UImm !=~static_cast< T >(0)) &&"Invalid immediate!")
MachineBasicBlock MachineBasicBlock::iterator DebugLoc DL
This file contains the simple types necessary to represent the attributes associated with functions a...
static GCRegistry::Add< ErlangGC > A("erlang", "erlang-compatible garbage collector")
Declares convenience wrapper classes for interpreting MachineInstr instances as specific generic oper...
Implement a low-level type suitable for MachineInstr level instruction selection.
This file declares the MachineIRBuilder class.
Register const TargetRegisterInfo * TRI
Promote Memory to Register
static MCRegister getReg(const MCDisassembler *D, unsigned RC, unsigned RegNo)
This file defines ARC utility functions which are used by various parts of the compiler.
static constexpr MCPhysReg SPReg
This file defines the SmallVector class.
bool lowerReturn(MachineIRBuilder &MIRBuilder, const Value *Val, ArrayRef< Register > VRegs, FunctionLoweringInfo &FLI, Register SwiftErrorVReg) const override
This hook must be implemented to lower outgoing return values, described by Val, into the specified v...
bool canLowerReturn(MachineFunction &MF, CallingConv::ID CallConv, SmallVectorImpl< BaseArgInfo > &Outs, bool IsVarArg) const override
This hook must be implemented to check whether the return values described by Outs can fit into the r...
bool fallBackToDAGISel(const MachineFunction &MF) const override
bool isTypeIsValidForThisReturn(EVT Ty) const override
For targets which support the "returned" parameter attribute, returns true if the given type is a val...
bool isEligibleForTailCallOptimization(MachineIRBuilder &MIRBuilder, CallLoweringInfo &Info, SmallVectorImpl< ArgInfo > &InArgs, SmallVectorImpl< ArgInfo > &OutArgs) const
Returns true if the call can be lowered as a tail call.
AArch64CallLowering(const AArch64TargetLowering &TLI)
bool lowerCall(MachineIRBuilder &MIRBuilder, CallLoweringInfo &Info) const override
This hook must be implemented to lower the given call instruction, including argument and return valu...
bool lowerFormalArguments(MachineIRBuilder &MIRBuilder, const Function &F, ArrayRef< ArrayRef< Register > > VRegs, FunctionLoweringInfo &FLI) const override
This hook must be implemented to lower the incoming (formal) arguments, described by VRegs,...
AArch64FunctionInfo - This class is derived from MachineFunctionInfo and contains private AArch64-spe...
bool branchTargetEnforcement() const
void setVarArgsStackIndex(int Index)
void setTailCallReservedStack(unsigned bytes)
SmallVectorImpl< ForwardedRegister > & getForwardedMustTailRegParms()
void setBytesInStackArgArea(unsigned bytes)
void setVarArgsGPRIndex(int Index)
bool branchProtectionPAuthLR() const
void setVarArgsFPRSize(unsigned Size)
unsigned getBytesInStackArgArea() const
void setVarArgsFPRIndex(int Index)
void setVarArgsGPRSize(unsigned Size)
void setArgumentStackToRestore(unsigned bytes)
const AArch64RegisterInfo * getRegisterInfo() const override
const AArch64InstrInfo * getInstrInfo() const override
bool isWindowsArm64EC() const
bool isCallingConvWin64(CallingConv::ID CC, bool IsVarArg) const
const RegisterBankInfo * getRegBankInfo() const override
bool hasCustomCallingConv() const
CCAssignFn * CCAssignFnForCall(CallingConv::ID CC, bool IsVarArg) const
Selects the correct CCAssignFn for a given CallingConvention value.
This class represents an incoming formal argument to a Function.
Represent a constant reference to an array (0 or more elements consecutively in memory),...
size_t size() const
Get the array size.
bool empty() const
Check if the array is empty.
CCState - This class holds information needed while lowering arguments and return values.
MachineFunction & getMachineFunction() const
unsigned getFirstUnallocated(ArrayRef< MCPhysReg > Regs) const
getFirstUnallocated - Return the index of the first unallocated register in the set,...
LLVM_ABI void analyzeMustTailForwardedRegisters(SmallVectorImpl< ForwardedRegister > &Forwards, ArrayRef< MVT > RegParmTypes, CCAssignFn Fn)
Compute the set of registers that need to be preserved and forwarded to any musttail calls.
CallingConv::ID getCallingConv() const
uint64_t getStackSize() const
Returns the size of the currently allocated portion of the stack.
bool isAllocated(MCRegister Reg) const
isAllocated - Return true if the specified register (or an alias) is allocated.
CCValAssign - Represent assignment of one arg/retval to a location.
LocInfo getLocInfo() const
static CCValAssign getReg(unsigned ValNo, MVT ValVT, MCRegister Reg, MVT LocVT, LocInfo HTP, bool IsCustom=false)
void insertSRetLoads(MachineIRBuilder &MIRBuilder, Type *RetTy, ArrayRef< Register > VRegs, Register DemoteReg, int FI) const
Load the returned value from the stack into virtual registers in VRegs.
bool handleAssignments(ValueHandler &Handler, SmallVectorImpl< ArgInfo > &Args, CCState &CCState, SmallVectorImpl< CCValAssign > &ArgLocs, MachineIRBuilder &MIRBuilder, ArrayRef< Register > ThisReturnRegs={}) const
Use Handler to insert code to handle the argument/return values represented by Args.
bool resultsCompatible(CallLoweringInfo &Info, MachineFunction &MF, SmallVectorImpl< ArgInfo > &InArgs, ValueAssigner &CalleeAssigner, ValueAssigner &CallerAssigner) const
void insertSRetIncomingArgument(const Function &F, SmallVectorImpl< ArgInfo > &SplitArgs, Register &DemoteReg, MachineRegisterInfo &MRI, const DataLayout &DL) const
Insert the hidden sret ArgInfo to the beginning of SplitArgs.
void splitToValueTypes(const ArgInfo &OrigArgInfo, SmallVectorImpl< ArgInfo > &SplitArgs, const DataLayout &DL, CallingConv::ID CallConv, SmallVectorImpl< TypeSize > *Offsets=nullptr) const
Break OrigArgInfo into one or more pieces the calling convention can process, returned in SplitArgs.
bool determineAndHandleAssignments(ValueHandler &Handler, ValueAssigner &Assigner, SmallVectorImpl< ArgInfo > &Args, MachineIRBuilder &MIRBuilder, CallingConv::ID CallConv, bool IsVarArg, ArrayRef< Register > ThisReturnRegs={}) const
Invoke ValueAssigner::assignArg on each of the given Args and then use Handler to move them to the as...
void insertSRetStores(MachineIRBuilder &MIRBuilder, Type *RetTy, ArrayRef< Register > VRegs, Register DemoteReg) const
Store the return value given by VRegs into stack starting at the offset specified in DemoteReg.
bool parametersInCSRMatch(const MachineRegisterInfo &MRI, const uint32_t *CallerPreservedMask, const SmallVectorImpl< CCValAssign > &ArgLocs, const SmallVectorImpl< ArgInfo > &OutVals) const
Check whether parameters to a call that are passed in callee saved registers are the same as from the...
bool determineAssignments(ValueAssigner &Assigner, SmallVectorImpl< ArgInfo > &Args, CCState &CCInfo) const
Analyze the argument list in Args, using Assigner to populate CCInfo.
bool checkReturn(CCState &CCInfo, SmallVectorImpl< BaseArgInfo > &Outs, CCAssignFn *Fn) const
CallLowering(const TargetLowering *TLI)
const TargetLowering * getTLI() const
Getter for generic TargetLowering class.
void setArgFlags(ArgInfo &Arg, unsigned OpIdx, const DataLayout &DL, const FuncInfoTy &FuncInfo) const
void addDefToMIB(MachineRegisterInfo &MRI, MachineInstrBuilder &MIB) const
FunctionLoweringInfo - This contains information that is global to a function that is used when lower...
Register DemoteRegister
DemoteRegister - if CanLowerReturn is false, DemoteRegister is a vreg allocated to hold a pointer to ...
bool CanLowerReturn
CanLowerReturn - true iff the function's return value can be lowered to registers.
iterator_range< arg_iterator > args()
CallingConv::ID getCallingConv() const
getCallingConv()/setCallingConv(CC) - These method get and set the calling convention of this functio...
LLVMContext & getContext() const
getContext - Return a reference to the LLVMContext associated with this function.
bool isVarArg() const
isVarArg - Return true if this function takes a variable number of arguments.
bool hasExternalWeakLinkage() const
constexpr unsigned getScalarSizeInBits() const
static constexpr LLT scalar(unsigned SizeInBits)
Get a low-level scalar or aggregate "bag of bits".
constexpr uint16_t getNumElements() const
Returns the number of elements in a vector LLT.
constexpr bool isVector() const
static constexpr LLT pointer(unsigned AddressSpace, unsigned SizeInBits)
Get a low-level pointer in the given address space.
constexpr TypeSize getSizeInBits() const
Returns the total size of the type. Must only be called on sized types.
static LLT integer(unsigned SizeInBits)
constexpr TypeSize getSizeInBytes() const
Returns the total size of the type in bytes, i.e.
This is an important class for using LLVM in a threaded context.
bool isVector() const
Return true if this is a vector value type.
The MachineFrameInfo class represents an abstract stack frame until prolog/epilog code is inserted.
LLVM_ABI int CreateFixedObject(uint64_t Size, int64_t SPOffset, bool IsImmutable, bool isAliased=false)
Create a new object at a fixed location on the stack.
LLVM_ABI int CreateStackObject(uint64_t Size, Align Alignment, bool isSpillSlot, const AllocaInst *Alloca=nullptr, uint8_t ID=0)
Create a new statically sized stack object, returning a nonnegative identifier to represent it.
bool isImmutableObjectIndex(int ObjectIdx) const
Returns true if the specified index corresponds to an immutable object.
void setHasTailCall(bool V=true)
bool hasMustTailInVarArgFunc() const
Returns true if the function is variadic and contains a musttail call.
int64_t getObjectSize(int ObjectIdx) const
Return the size of the specified object.
int64_t getObjectOffset(int ObjectIdx) const
Return the assigned stack offset of the specified object from the incoming stack pointer.
const TargetSubtargetInfo & getSubtarget() const
getSubtarget - Return the subtarget for which this machine code is being compiled.
MachineMemOperand * getMachineMemOperand(MachinePointerInfo PtrInfo, MachineMemOperand::Flags f, LLT MemTy, Align base_alignment, const AAMDNodes &AAInfo=AAMDNodes(), const MDNode *Ranges=nullptr, SyncScope::ID SSID=SyncScope::System, AtomicOrdering Ordering=AtomicOrdering::NotAtomic, AtomicOrdering FailureOrdering=AtomicOrdering::NotAtomic)
getMachineMemOperand - Allocate a new MachineMemOperand.
MachineFrameInfo & getFrameInfo()
getFrameInfo - Return the frame info object for the current function.
MachineRegisterInfo & getRegInfo()
getRegInfo - Return information about the registers currently in use.
Function & getFunction()
Return the LLVM function that this machine code represents.
Ty * getInfo()
getInfo - Keep track of various per-function pieces of information for backends that would like to do...
Register addLiveIn(MCRegister PReg, const TargetRegisterClass *RC)
addLiveIn - Add the specified physical register as a live-in value and create a corresponding virtual...
const TargetMachine & getTarget() const
getTarget - Return the target machine this machine code is compiled with
Helper class to build MachineInstr.
MachineInstrBuilder insertInstr(MachineInstrBuilder MIB)
Insert an existing instruction at the insertion point.
MachineInstrBuilder buildZExt(const DstOp &Res, const SrcOp &Op, std::optional< unsigned > Flags=std::nullopt)
Build and insert Res = G_ZEXT Op.
void setInstr(MachineInstr &MI)
Set the insertion point to before MI.
MachineInstrBuilder buildAssertZExt(const DstOp &Res, const SrcOp &Op, unsigned Size)
Build and insert Res = G_ASSERT_ZEXT Op, Size.
MachineInstrBuilder buildPtrAdd(const DstOp &Res, const SrcOp &Op0, const SrcOp &Op1, std::optional< unsigned > Flags=std::nullopt)
Build and insert Res = G_PTR_ADD Op0, Op1.
MachineInstrBuilder buildStore(const SrcOp &Val, const SrcOp &Addr, MachineMemOperand &MMO)
Build and insert G_STORE Val, Addr, MMO.
MachineInstrBuilder buildInstr(unsigned Opcode)
Build and insert <empty> = Opcode <empty>.
MachineInstrBuilder buildPadVectorWithUndefElements(const DstOp &Res, const SrcOp &Op0)
Build and insert a, b, ..., x = G_UNMERGE_VALUES Op0 Res = G_BUILD_VECTOR a, b, .....
MachineInstrBuilder buildFrameIndex(const DstOp &Res, int Idx)
Build and insert Res = G_FRAME_INDEX Idx.
MachineFunction & getMF()
Getter for the function we currently build.
MachineInstrBuilder buildTrunc(const DstOp &Res, const SrcOp &Op, std::optional< unsigned > Flags=std::nullopt)
Build and insert Res = G_TRUNC Op.
const MachineBasicBlock & getMBB() const
Getter for the basic block we currently build.
void setMBB(MachineBasicBlock &MBB)
Set the insertion point to the end of MBB.
MachineInstrBuilder buildInstrNoInsert(unsigned Opcode)
Build but don't insert <empty> = Opcode <empty>.
MachineInstrBuilder buildCopy(const DstOp &Res, const SrcOp &Op)
Build and insert Res = COPY Op.
virtual MachineInstrBuilder buildConstant(const DstOp &Res, const ConstantInt &Val)
Build and insert Res = G_CONSTANT Val.
Register getReg(unsigned Idx) const
Get the register for the operand index.
const MachineInstrBuilder & addReg(Register RegNo, RegState Flags={}, unsigned SubReg=0) const
Add a new virtual register operand.
const MachineInstrBuilder & addImm(int64_t Val) const
Add a new immediate operand.
const MachineInstrBuilder & add(const MachineOperand &MO) const
const MachineInstrBuilder & addDef(Register RegNo, RegState Flags={}, unsigned SubReg=0) const
Add a virtual register definition operand.
unsigned getOpcode() const
Returns the opcode of this MachineInstr.
const MachineOperand & getOperand(unsigned i) const
LLVM_ABI void setDeactivationSymbol(MachineFunction &MF, Value *DS)
@ MOLoad
The memory access reads data.
@ MOInvariant
The memory access always returns the same value (or traps).
@ MOStore
The memory access writes data.
Register getReg() const
getReg - Returns the register number.
static MachineOperand CreateReg(Register Reg, bool isDef, bool isImp=false, bool isKill=false, bool isDead=false, bool isUndef=false, bool isEarlyClobber=false, unsigned SubReg=0, bool isDebug=false, bool isInternalRead=false, bool isRenamable=false)
MachineRegisterInfo - Keep track of information for virtual and physical registers,...
LLVM_ABI MachineInstr * getVRegDef(Register Reg) const
getVRegDef - Return the machine instr that defines the specified virtual register or null if none is ...
LLT getType(Register Reg) const
Get the low-level type of Reg or LLT{} if Reg is not a generic (target independent) virtual register.
LLVM_ABI Register createGenericVirtualRegister(LLT Ty, StringRef Name="")
Create and return a new generic virtual register with low-level type Ty.
Wrapper class representing virtual and physical registers.
MCRegister asMCReg() const
Utility to check-convert this value to a MCRegister.
SMEAttrs is a utility class to parse the SME ACLE attributes on functions.
This class consists of common code factored out of the SmallVector class to reduce code duplication b...
void push_back(const T &Elt)
This is a 'vector' (really, a variable-sized array), optimized for the case when the array is small.
CodeGenOptLevel getOptLevel() const
Returns the optimization level: None, Less, Default, or Aggressive.
const Triple & getTargetTriple() const
unsigned GuaranteedTailCallOpt
GuaranteedTailCallOpt - This flag is enabled when -tailcallopt is specified on the commandline.
virtual const RegisterBankInfo * getRegBankInfo() const
If the information for the register banks is available, return it.
virtual const TargetInstrInfo * getInstrInfo() const
Triple - Helper class for working with autoconf configuration names.
static constexpr TypeSize getFixed(ScalarTy ExactSize)
static LLVM_ABI IntegerType * getInt8Ty(LLVMContext &C)
LLVMContext & getContext() const
Return the LLVMContext in which this type was uniqued.
bool isIntegerTy() const
True if this is an instance of IntegerType.
unsigned getNumOperands() const
LLVM Value Representation.
Type * getType() const
All values are typed, get the type of this value.
@ MO_GOT
MO_GOT - This flag indicates that a symbol operand represents the address of the GOT entry for the sy...
ArrayRef< MCPhysReg > getFPRArgRegs()
ArrayRef< MCPhysReg > getGPRArgRegs()
constexpr char Align[]
Key for Kernel::Arg::Metadata::mAlign.
constexpr std::underlying_type_t< E > Mask()
Get a bitmask with 1s in all places up to the high-order bit of E's largest value.
unsigned ID
LLVM IR allows to use arbitrary numbers as calling convention identifiers.
@ ARM64EC_Thunk_Native
Calling convention used in the ARM64EC ABI to implement calls between ARM64 code and thunks.
@ Swift
Calling convention for Swift.
@ PreserveMost
Used for runtime calls that preserves most registers.
@ PreserveAll
Used for runtime calls that preserves (almost) all registers.
@ Fast
Attempts to make calls as fast as possible (e.g.
@ PreserveNone
Used for runtime calls that preserves none general registers.
@ Tail
Attemps to make calls as fast as possible while guaranteeing that tail call optimization can always b...
@ SwiftTail
This follows the Swift calling convention in how arguments are passed but guarantees tail calls will ...
@ ARM64EC_Thunk_X64
Calling convention used in the ARM64EC ABI to implement calls between x64 code and thunks.
@ C
The default llvm calling convention, compatible with C.
std::optional< Function * > getAttachedARCFunction(const CallBase *CB)
This function returns operand bundle clang_arc_attachedcall's argument, which is the address of the A...
bool attachedCallOpBundleNeedsMarker(const CallBase *CB)
This function determines whether the clang_arc_attachedcall should be emitted with or without the mar...
bool hasAttachedCallOpBundle(const CallBase *CB)
This is an optimization pass for GlobalISel generic memory operations.
LLVM_ABI Register constrainOperandRegClass(const MachineFunction &MF, const TargetRegisterInfo &TRI, MachineRegisterInfo &MRI, const TargetInstrInfo &TII, const RegisterBankInfo &RBI, MachineInstr &InsertPt, const TargetRegisterClass &RegClass, MachineOperand &RegMO)
Constrain the Register operand OpIdx, so that it is now constrained to the TargetRegisterClass passed...
@ Implicit
Not emitted register (e.g. carry, or temporary result).
void ComputeValueVTs(const TargetLowering &TLI, const DataLayout &DL, Type *Ty, SmallVectorImpl< EVT > &ValueVTs, SmallVectorImpl< EVT > *MemVTs=nullptr, SmallVectorImpl< TypeSize > *Offsets=nullptr, TypeSize StartingOffset=TypeSize::getZero())
ComputeValueVTs - Given an LLVM IR type, compute a sequence of EVTs that represent all the individual...
decltype(auto) dyn_cast(const From &Val)
dyn_cast<X> - Return the argument parameter cast to the specified type.
bool CCAssignFn(unsigned ValNo, MVT ValVT, MVT LocVT, CCValAssign::LocInfo LocInfo, ISD::ArgFlagsTy ArgFlags, Type *OrigTy, CCState &State)
CCAssignFn - This function assigns a location for Val, updating State to reflect the change.
void append_range(Container &C, Range &&R)
Wrapper function to append range R to container C.
unsigned getBLRCallOpcode(const MachineFunction &MF)
Return opcode to be used for indirect calls.
bool any_of(R &&range, UnaryPredicate P)
Provide wrappers to std::any_of which take ranges instead of having to pass begin/end explicitly.
LLVM_ABI raw_ostream & dbgs()
dbgs() - This returns a reference to a raw_ostream for debugging messages.
constexpr uint64_t alignTo(uint64_t Size, Align A)
Returns a multiple of A needed to store Size bytes.
class LLVM_GSL_OWNER SmallVector
Forward declaration of SmallVector so that calculateSmallVectorDefaultInlinedElements can reference s...
@ Success
The lock was released successfully.
DWARFExpression::Operation Op
LLVM_ABI bool isAssertMI(const MachineInstr &MI)
Returns true if the instruction MI is one of the assert instructions.
LLVM_ABI LLT getLLTForType(Type &Ty, const DataLayout &DL)
Construct a low-level type based on an LLVM type.
LLVM_ABI CGPassBuilderOption getCGPassBuilderOption()
LLVM_ABI Align inferAlignFromPtrInfo(MachineFunction &MF, const MachinePointerInfo &MPO)
void swap(llvm::BitVector &LHS, llvm::BitVector &RHS)
Implement std::swap in terms of BitVector swap.
This struct is a compact representation of a valid (non-zero power of two) alignment.
std::optional< bool > EnableGlobalISelOption
SmallVector< Register, 4 > Regs
SmallVector< ISD::ArgFlagsTy, 4 > Flags
Base class for ValueHandlers used for arguments coming into the current function, or for return value...
void assignValueToReg(Register ValVReg, Register PhysReg, const CCValAssign &VA, ISD::ArgFlagsTy Flags={}) override
Provides a default implementation for argument handling.
Base class for ValueHandlers used for arguments passed to a function call, or for return values.
MachineIRBuilder & MIRBuilder
MachineRegisterInfo & MRI
virtual LLT getStackValueStoreType(const DataLayout &DL, const CCValAssign &VA, ISD::ArgFlagsTy Flags) const
Return the in-memory size to write for the argument at VA.
LLVM_ABI Type * getTypeForEVT(LLVMContext &Context) const
This method returns an LLVM type corresponding to the specified EVT.
Describes a register that needs to be forwarded from the prologue to a musttail call.
This class contains a discriminated union of information about pointers in memory operands,...
static LLVM_ABI MachinePointerInfo getStack(MachineFunction &MF, int64_t Offset, uint8_t ID=0)
Stack pointer relative access.
static LLVM_ABI MachinePointerInfo getFixedStack(MachineFunction &MF, int FI, int64_t Offset=0)
Return a MachinePointerInfo record that refers to the specified FrameIndex.